Taking a Look at Holden Vehicles - 937 Words

The antiquity of Holden can be found back from 1856, as soon as James Alexander Holden started as a saddlery business in Adelaide, South Australia. The business then evolved over a period of years, developing from mending cars’ upholstery to the complete invention of automobile body shells. The company then became the exclusive dealer of American car manufacturer General Motors in Australia. By the year of 1920 Holden started to supply trams cars for Melbourne. On 1931, Holden merged with the American Car manufacturer, General Motors and become General Motors-Holdens Limited (GM-H). In 1936, Holden opened a new HQ and assembly plant at Fisherman’s Bend in Port Melbourne. Holden was also considered as one of the only seven fully integrated global GM operations that designs, builds and sells vehicles for Australia and the world (Holden, 2010). †¢ Reason for The closure of the GM Holden. Recently on 11 December 2013, Holden announced that it would stop production of Holden vehicles in Australia. The decision by the auto transnational signals a massive escalation in the assault on the living standards and social rights of the employed class across Australia. The entire Australian car industry aspects the potential of being liquidated, with hundreds of thousands of jobs destroyed. The General Motors answered that the Australian Dollar, high cost of production, limited and small domestic market and possibly the extremely challenging and fragmented market in the world are theShow MoreRelatedHolden : An Australian Automobile Manufacturer1438 Words   |  6 Pages HOLDEN GM Holden Ltd known as Holden, is an Australian automobile manufacturer that operates in Australasia having it s headquarter in Port Melbourne, Victoria. The firm was initiated in 1856 as a saddlery manufacturer (as J.A. Holden Co.) in South Australia by James Alexander Holden. Later in 1885, German-born H.A. Frost joined the business as a junior partner and the firm was renamed to Holden Frost Ltd. However the company was given kick-start by Holden s grandson who had an interestRead MoreImpact Of Globalisation In Australia1479 Words   |  6 Pagestrade, with considerable growth in manufacturing and service industries, with limited growth in the rural sector. The car manufacturing industry in Australia had high levels of protection in motor vehicles, with an effective rate of protection, in excess of 200% and 57.5% for passenger motor vehicles, since the 1950s. However, the cuts in protection enabled an increase in imports, but the increased efficiency has led to a comparable r ise in exports. Globalisation has benefited the consumer, atRead MoreComplex Adaptive Systems Theory ( Cas )1212 Words   |  5 Pagesinterprofessional education and collaboration. A growing number of theorists and researchers emphasize that people are complex systems who do not behave in linear fashions and that planning for and within healthcare requires understanding relationships and taking a flexible approach to problem-solving (Cunningham et al., 2002; Brown, 2006; Holt et al., 2007; Cacioppe Stace, 2009; Judge et al., 2011; Weinberg et al., 2011). Complexity theory is well established in a range of disciplines other than healthcareRead MoreAnalysis : Holden And Chevy Silverado 2500hd. Product Analysis Essay1979 Words   |  8 PagesHolden Chevy Silverado 2500HD Product Analysis This essay will use a semiotic analysis approach in order to send a message to the buyer and to the rest of the world. An analysis of cultural myths will be conducted on how males, automotive and nature are often seen and used in advertisement. An understanding of social and political views will be discussed in conjunction with the common consumerism view in different advertisement. â€Å"Signs may take the form of words, images, sounds odours, flavoursRead More How Humans and Robots are Presented in Blade Runner Essay example2983 Words   |  12 Pagesthousands of city lights flickering in the misty night air. Futuristic vehicles cruise through the darkened polluted sky where the sun doesnt shine. The image of a dystopia is conjured up in our minds, which emphasises the technological decay the world of this time is going through. Barely visible in the distance are two huge fortress like buildings with spotlights shining out of their tops. The camera then looks up at them emphasising their size. Then the camera cuts to anRead MoreThe Economy And Specific Markets2109 Words   |  9 Pagesanalysis of consumer reactions to changes in product prices and how firms decide what prices to charge† (Hubbard et.al, 2013, pg.14). Consumer demand for cars, consumer income, payment options available to the consumer and the cost of running the vehicle are all factors in which contribute to microeconomic analysis of the current car market. Consumer Demand for Cars Cars play a pivotal role in today’s society. Having a car means that the individual has increased independence and security, and areRead MoreReflection Paper On High Socioeconomic Students Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesstill needed and how I can become more active in addressing the needs locally. I hope to help future students and their families that might need extra support with the knowledge I hope to gain after this plunge. I also hope to inspire students to look for ways to help in their local communities. Interview George Culley is the president and owner of Least of the Brethren pantry. Mr. Culley and his wife started this ministry seventeen years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Culley knew there was a need and decidedRead MoreCase Study of Automobile Industry5967 Words   |  24 PagesCase Study of Automobile Industry Research on General Motors Description of Automobile Industry: Automobile industry is the modern manufacturing industry including commercial vehicles (CVs), cars, three-wheelers and two-wheelers segments. The automotive industry has been playing a leading role in spurring growth in economies throughout the world since the industrial revolution. It is a sector characterized by not only tremendous potential growth, but also very high profile trade disputes, andRead MoreEssay on General Motors2671 Words   |  11 Pagescompany. General Motors produces cars and trucks in nearly 31 countries and sells them through these brands, they are: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Opel, Vauxhall, Daewoo, Isuzu, Wuling and Holden. The worldwide ranking of automobiles is done per year by International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, GM ranked second on the list with 8.5 million units sold in 2010 ( 50 Companies that changed the whole World, Pg. 14). Background of the Company: General Motors was founded in theRead MoreEssay about Ethics and Strengths of the Gm Company2106 Words   |  9 Pagesboth cars and trucks in 31 countries. â€Å"GM also sell and service many of these vehicles through the following brands:   Baojun, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, FAW, GMC, Daewoo, Holden, Isuzu, Jiefang, Opel, Vauxhall, and Wuling (NA, 2011).† GMs leading market nationally is China. After China is the United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, and Russia. â€Å"GMs On Star subsidiary is the industry leader in vehicle safety, security and information services (NA, 2011).† It is because of good

Internet Security Essay - 2396 Words

Security on the Internet How do you secure something that is changing faster than you can fix it? The Internet has had security problems since its earliest days as a pure research project. Today, after several years and orders of magnitude of growth, is still has security problems. It is being used for a purpose for which it was never intended: commerce. It is somewhat ironic that the early Internet was design as a prototype for a high-availability command and control network that could resist outages resulting from enemy actions, yet it cannot resist college undergraduates. The problem is that the attackers are on, and make up apart of, the network they are attacking. Designing a system that is capable of resisting attack from within,†¦show more content†¦People use interactive Web pages to obtain stock quotes, receive tax information from the Internal Revenue Service, make appointments with a hairdresser, consult a pregnancy planner to determine ovulation dates, conduct election polls, register fo r a conference, search for old friends, and the list goes on. It is only natural that the Webs functionality, popularity, and ubiquity have made it the seemingly ideal platform for conducting electronic commerce. People can now go online to buy CDs, clothing, concert tickets, and stocks. Several companies, such Digicash, Cybercash, and First Virtual, have sprung up to provide mechanisms for conducting business on the Web. The savings in cost and the convenience of shopping via the Web are incalculable. Whereas most successful computer systems result from careful, methodical planning, followed by hard work, the Web took on a life of its own from the very beginning. The introduction of a common protocol and a friendly graphical user interface was all that was needed to ignite the Internet explosion. The Webs virtues are extolled without end, but its rapid growth and universal adoption have not been without cost. In particular, security was added as an afterthought. New capabilities were added ad hoc to satisfy the growing demand for features without carefully considering the impact on security. As general-purpose scripts were introduced onShow MoreRelatedInternet Security And The Internet955 Words   |  4 PagesInternet security are such a big thing because many things are based off the internet. As in most of the storage is done off of cloud storage, so you don’t need lots of storage in your computer. Which makes internets unsafe because anyone could hack into your account and take your information. Like your bank account and your personal accounts that could really hurt you I the long run. Or someone could put a scam on a common website that most people go on. And could hack everyone’s computer that hasRead MoreInternet Security And The Internet Essay1864 Words   |  8 Pagesthat the Internet continues to spread its influence to further parts of the world. The internet gives benefits to anyone who uses the global-reaching te chnology. People are now able to connect to other individuals who they otherwise would not have met and share vast amounts of information in only a few seconds. However, some people with malicious intent uses that technology to harm or even destroy the rest of the population’s lives. In such a situation, communities with access to the Internet raiseRead MoreInternet Security And The Internet1275 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Security The internet is a vast labyrinth of data for users to access. The internet is vast and complex; therefore, it is essential that a user have a fundamental understanding to the power and risks associated to using it. Much like the vast expanse of outer space, much of the internet is not understood and can be scary to become lost in. Protecting the data that is available on the internet is a daunting task with nearly zero possibility of complete protection. Sensitive data is oftenRead MoreInternet Security1951 Words   |  8 PagesInternet Security Many people today are familiar with the Internet and its use. A large number of its users however, are not aware of the security problems they face when using the Internet. Most users feel they are anonymous when on-line, yet in actuality they are not. There are some very easy ways to protect the user from future problems. The Internet has brought many advantages to its users but has also created some major problems. Most people believe that they are anonymous when theyRead MoreInternet Security14081 Words   |  57 Pages| IT Security Consultants, Inc. 555 East 1000 South, Salt Lake City, UtahPhone Number: (801) 555-0100 Fax: (801) 555-0110 | 2/23/2009 | | | FTD Enterprises | Request for Proposal | | Brandon Moore Justin JoosBrandon LittleMark PetersonJason Kilgore | | **This document meets a request for proposal from FTD Enterprises to implement a security infrastructure and other tasks stated in the proposal. | Table of Contents Company Overview 3 Project Team Staffing 4 ExecutiveRead More Security on the Internet Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pages Security on the Internet Todays information is highly interconnected by the internet. With this interconnection of computer systems through the internet comes computer crime. Breaking into computer systems, damaging information, and stealing information, more commonly known as hacking, has become extremely common on the internet. As hacking becomes more frequent, and as some would say, more of a problem, should we consider hacking a criminal activity? Information from across the world is storedRead MoreInternet Security And The Security System878 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness and people are using Internet for entertainment, e-business and e-commerce, social networking, and communication to the people and business, but there have always been threats to the Internet Security. Internet security is major concern in field of technology, because there are various personal, business and government data on the Internet. Today every businesses and organizations have their own security system to reach their goal of information security. Internet security systems are created toRead More Security And Privacy On The Internet Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesof Security and Privacy on the Internet issue. The term information now is more used when defining a special product or article of trade which could be bought, sold, exchanged, etc. Often the price of information is higher many times than the cost of the very computers and technologies wher e it is functioning. Naturally it raises the need of protecting information from unauthorized access, theft, destruction, and other crimes. However, many users do not realize that they risk their security andRead MoreIs The Absolute Security On The Internet?1561 Words   |  7 Pages Do you believe that there is absolute security on the Internet? I would answer no because I never know if there is anybody spying on me somewhere through the internet and track what am I doing daily. I’m always concerned about this issue and I think almost everybody in the world who does social networking or goes online Nowadays, many people experience problems regarding privacy on technology, such as the Internet. With technology, people can do all sorts of things and socialize with people fromRead MoreThe Basic Internet And Its Security1420 Words   |  6 PagesBasic Internet and Its Security What is the basic internet and how do you make it safe? Most people in the world have a computer but do not know what makes a computer a computer. Most people do not even know what device would qualify as a computer. The computer is an important part of the twenty-first century. The responsibility of computer users goes beyond internet access. The computer has basic internet and security that is needed to be followed. The internet guarantees a source of internet access

Should gay marriage be legal Essay Example For Students

Should gay marriage be legal? Essay Should gay marriage be legal? Essay Gay marriage should be legal because as woman and man, all individuals have the same right in society; because same-sex couples can constitute a good based family; because it is just a way to make official a common union nowadays, even with the religious issue; because it is not related to polygamy; and because love matters and it does not differ in nature according to the sex of its object or the person who experiences it. The first reason why same sex marriage should be legal is because it is fair for all individuals to have the same rights in society. With the end of sodomy laws, a recent decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, conservatives have lost their last excuse to write off gay lives and love as unworthy of social accommodation. But whatever ones feel about the reasoning of the decision, its results is clear: gay Americans are no longer criminals. Even if they were, as murderers on death row that have the constitutional right to marriage, they should have too. The second objection about why same sex marriage should be legal is because a same sex couple can really constitute a good based family, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics that has recognized that gay households can be just as loving and supportive an environment for raising children as the straight kind. Opponents think that a gay couple family is not a good alternative for children raise and they believe gay parents will raise gay children because straight parents just raise straight children. Nevertheless it is not true because human sexual choice is both unchangeable and unchosen. Whether it is biologically or genetically determined as demonstrated in the study of the professor of psychiatry of Boston University School of Medicine, Richard pillar, or simply set at a very young age; sexual orientation does not respond to social influences designed to lead it in a different direction. Homosexuals are not created by seduction, recruitment or propaganda. And more, there is no evidence that the relative acceptance of homosexuality in the Netherlands and Belgium, both which recognize gay marriage, has caused an increase in the number of homosexuals. Gay marriage will not increase the number of homosexuals, but it will increase levels of happiness among existing homosexuals. In addition gays and lesbians marriage should be legal because it is just a way of the State recognize these common unions now days. It happens independent of the law and the religious topic involved, and if the government can not be left out of same sex marriage issue, the better thing that should be done was legalize it. The Vatican says homosexual acts do not proceed from a genuine affective and sexual complementarity . Actually the real reason the Vatican opposes gay marriage is that its goal is to press the governments to contain the phenomenon of homosexual sex. But it is a vague argument since homosexuals, as straight people, almost always choose someone whose difference from themselves makes them admirable, exciting or interesting in some way. So, affective complementarity applies just as well to gay marriage. The fourth reason why the gay marriage should be legal is because it does not infer polygamy. Gay marriage makes sense because it meets an essential need for the individuals involved and it also benefits society. Poligamy, by contrast, does neither. Some people affirm that if they take the step of allowing gay marriages they will slide down a slippery slope to polygamy. But, there is no obvious principle supporting gay marriage that will lead people to accept multi-partner marriage. One possible theory uniting the two is that gay marriage, like polygamous marriage extends marriage beyond partners who may procreate as partners. But that doesnt work because procreation is already not a requirement of marriage and sterile opposite-sex couples have already taken that step down the slope for homosexual couples. Actually any proposal for the expansion of gay marriage must be good both for the individuals involved and for the society in which they live, and the case for polygamous marriage is distinguishable and weaker on both counts. Considering that to satisfy individual needs is not the principle supporting .

Why should bikers wear helmets Essays - Bicycle Law,

Why should bikers wear helmets? Bicycle is essential in sports nowadays. Whichever city you visit; you can easily spot bicycle tracks alongside with sidewalk. As more people look for opportunity to ride bicycle in the city, government executives try to create more tracks for bikers. I was able to experience this through my town's electrical tower area being replaced in order to make biker tracks. As more people ride bicycle on the field, the safety issues for hazards increases such as wearing safety equipment which are beneficial to people riding bikes. For this essay I want to talk about one of safety equipment for bicycle, the helmet, and why people should always use it without any excuses. There are many reasons why someone using bicycle has necessary manners to put on a helmet. As you probably guessed, first reason is about the safety issue. Although many people ride bicycle with low speed, bicycle is still a very dangerous ride. Due to the fact that when you crash to something while riding a bike, there is nothing between your body and the something you just hit. However; this kind of hazards can be easily avoided by using just simple thing, a safety helmet. When bicycle hit something, a human riding the bicycle tend to fall forward or shoot forward in to the direction where it was moving. This creates superman like motion where your head is in front of your body. This is very dangerous. You can get serious neck injury or even some kind of brain damage with these kind of accidents. I read an article on the newspaper once that equipping helmet can save your life or injury by 80% against from wearing nothing at all. Another reason for wearing a helmet while riding bicycle is to indicate yourself to others. It is mandatory for helmet company to put glowing neon stickers back and front of the helmet. This is occurred to indicate the bikers from the drivers, so they know where the bikers are in night or sometimes in morning. Also, these stickers work as an indication to parents when their child is playing in crowded places. Using stickers on the helmet can easily spot your child, which will prevent future accidents such as child abduction. In conclusion, it is essential for bikers to wear safety helmets in two reasons. One is to be safe from the accidents that could possibly damage your body. Other reason is to indicate the bikers on any places such as roads. In Canada it is against the law to not wear the helmet while riding bicycle; However, even with this kind of law many people fail to equip safety helmets because they think it is uncomfortable and out of their passion. For reasons I stated above, people have to wear safety helmets whenever they are riding bicycle.

solum law Essay

solum law Essay solum law Essay Chicago-Kent Law Review Volume 66 Issue 1 Symposium on Classical Philosophy and the American Constitutional Order Article 8 January 1990 Pluralism and Modernity Lawrence B. Solum Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Lawrence B. Solum, Pluralism and Modernity, 66 Chi.-Kent. L. Rev. 93 (1990). Available at: http://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol66/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact jwhipple@kentlaw.iit.edu. PLURALISM AND MODERNITY LAWRENCE I. B. SOLUM* INTRODUCTION This essay considers the claim that liberalism offers an impoverished and narrow vision of human association. One of the classic statements of this claim is found in the early Marx. He wrote that the freedom provided by liberalism "is that of a man treated as an isolated monad and withdrawn into himself."' This conception of freedom, he continued, "is not based on the union of man with man, but on the separation of man from man. ' ' 2 Marx's critique is echoed in contemporary political philosophy. Alasdair MacIntyre writes that "Modem politics is civil war carried on by other means."'3 Michael Sandel suggests that the alternative to the liberal regime is strong community, a form of social arrangement that is "constitutive of the shared self-understandings of the participants." '4 These critics of liberalism share a picture of the liberal regime as a social order that favors a particular conception of the human good: an atomistic, individualistic conception that destroys the social basis for community and solidarity.5 Ronald Beiner, in his paper, The LiberalRegime,6 has developed the 7 critique of liberal political theory from a neo-Aristotelian perspective. He offers a powerful elaboration of the claim that liberalism produces an impoverished ethos or way of life and a strong defense of an Aristotelian alternative. I agree with much in this critique. Certainly, Aristotle's moral and political theory offers insights into contemporary debates in constitutional theory and jurisprudence," but there are two aspects of * Professor of Law and William M. Rains Fellow, Loyola Law School, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California. I owe thanks to Ron Beiner, Shelley Marks, and Sam Pillsbury for their remarks on earlier versions of this essay. 1. K. MARx, On the Jewish Question, in SELECTED WRITINGS 53 (D. McLellan ed. 1977). 2. Id. 3. A. MAcINTYRE, AFIER VIRTUE (2d ed. 1984). 4. M. SANDEL, LIBERALISM AND THE LIMITS OF JUSTICE 173 (1982). 5. See Solum, Faith and Justice, 39 DEPAUL L. REV. 1083, 1087 (1990). 6. Beiner, The Liberal Regime, 66 CHi. KENT L. REV. 73 (1990). 7. See generally ARISTOTLE, NiCOMACHEAN ETHIcs (W. Ross trans., J. Urrnson, revisions) and POLITICS (B. Jowett & J. Barnes trans.) in 2 THE COMPLETE WORKS OF ARISTOTLE (J. Barnes ed. 1984). [Hereinafter all citations to these works will refer to the pagination of the Bekker edition or to book and chapter numbers.] 8. See Solum, Virtues and Voices, 66 CHI.-KENT L. REv. 111 (1990); Solum, The Virtues and Vices of a Judge: An Aristotelian Guide to JudicialSelection, 61 S. CAL. L. REV. 1735 (1988); Bros- CHICAGO-KENT LAW REVIEW (Vol. 66:93 Beiner's paper with which I will take issue. First, I disagree with the claim that Aristotle's moral and political theory is consistent with the fact of pluralism. Second, I take issue with the charge that liberalism is defective because it entails an impoverished ethos. Before exploring these points of contention, let me introduce the concepts that are fundamental to the debate. Beiner develops his critique of

White Noise Process Definition

White Noise Process Definition The term white noise in economics is derivative of its meaning in mathematics and in acoustics. To understand the economic significance of white noise, its helpful to look at its mathematical definition first.   White Noise in Mathematics Youve very probably heard white noise, either in a physics lab or, perhaps, at a sound check. Its that constant rushing noise like a waterfall. At times you may imagine youre hearing voices or pitches, but they only last an instant and in reality, you soon realize, the sound never varies.   One math encyclopedia defines white noise as A generalized  stationary stochastic process  Ã‚  with constant  spectral density. At first glance, this seems less helpful than daunting. Breaking it down into its parts, however, can be illuminating.   What is a stationary stochastic process? Stochastic means random, so a stationary stochastic process is a process that is both random and never varying its always random in the same way. A stationary stochastic process with constant spectral density is, to consider an acoustic example, a random conglomeration of pitches every possible pitch, in fact which is always perfectly random, not favoring one pitch or pitch area over another.   In more mathematical terms, we say that the nature of the random distribution of pitches in white noise is that the probability of any one pitch is no greater or less than the probability of another. Thus, we can analyze white noise statistically, but we cant say with any certainty when a given pitch may occur.   White Noise in Economics in the Stock Market White noise in economics means exactly the same thing. White noise is a random collection of variables that are uncorrelated. The presence or absence of any given phenomenon has no causal relationship with any other phenomenon.    The prevalence of white noise in economics is often underestimated by investors, who often ascribe meaning to events that purport to be predictive when in reality they are uncorrelated. A brief perusal of web articles on the direction of the stock market will indicate each writers great confidence in the future direction of the market, beginning with what will happen tomorrow to long-range estimates.   In fact, many statistical studies of the stock markets have concluded that although the direction of the market may not be entirely random, its present and future directions are very weakly correlated, with, according to one famous study by future Nobel Laureate economist Eugene Fama, a correlation of less than 0.05. To use an analogy from acoustics, the distribution may not be white noise exactly, but more like a focused kind of noise called pink noise. In other instances related to market behavior, investors have what is nearly the opposite problem: they want statistically uncorrelated investments to diversify portfolios, but such uncorrelated investments are difficult, perhaps close to impossible to find as world markets become more and more interconnected. Traditionally, brokers recommend ideal portfolio percentages in domestic and foreign stocks, further diversification into stocks in large economies and small economies and different market sectors, but in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, asset classes that were supposed to have highly uncorrelated results have proven to be correlated after all.

The Breakfast Club Film Review Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Breakfast Club Film Review - Coursework Example The plot is basically about teens and growing up pains. The five main characters in the film are Andrew Clark (Emilio Estevez), Claire Standish (Molly Ringwald), Brian Johnson (Anthony Michael Hall), John Bender (Judd Nelson) and Allison Reynolds (Ally Sheedy) who are brought together one Saturday morning at the Shermer High School library for â€Å"detention† – a kind of penalty imposed on each one of them for having done an unacceptable deed. Each of the characters come from different cliques, and are of different types of individuals – the wrestler, the prom queen, the nerd, the outcast and the rebel – but as the story unfolds, they find out that they actually have similarities, common angsts and can actually be friends and confidantes. From strangers, the story ends with some discoveries, transformations, and finally, some kind of connection between these teens. At first glance, the film seems to be a boring one with much talk and not too much action t aking place. The issues brought up by the characters are just too petty and would just send the viewer to shake his/her head in disbelief. As the movie goes along, however, the viewer gets to know more about the characters and it would be unlikely for anyone not to identify with the issues these youngsters faced.

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Research Paper Example The question remains what the future holds regarding artificial intelligence that is autonomous and able to communicate other systems as well as with humans? An immense amount of research is underway about autonomous robots. The researchers are eager to predict what the future would look like as it is evident from science fiction novels and Hollywood movies. Robots and artificial intelligence are technically different terms, but they are perceived as one. Czech Writer Karel Capek invented the term ‘robot’ derived from the word ‘robota’ meaning labour (Chen, David & Gligorescu, 2011). Artificial Intelligence is a term used to describe for machines that can mimic the intelligence of humans (Chen, David & Gligorescu, 2011). At the moment, many mobile robots and their applications are serving the humans. These robots include wheeled, flying, swimming, crawling and even legged robots. Humanoid robots that copy some aspects of human experiences or behaviour appear in the news now and then. It is considered the mid-stage between human and a robot (Huang, 2011). Moreover, group robotics that understand the ways in which single robots cooperate and communicate is also part of the recent research. Sensors actuators enabling to connect the world, robot intelligence, the software architecture of these machines, methods to control them and the application issues such as localization, navigation or grouping, are now a part of the modern technological culture. It is almost a clichà © to presume that the artificial intelligence in the future would make a dramatic change and offer stunningly new developments for the humans. If the developments are gradual than probably we wont see much difference and will accept it as part of technological evolution. But this is a mystery, maybe the shift will be dramatic due to the courtesy of truly ground-breaking technology. Autonomous robots instil both hope and fear in the minds of humans. These

Haas and Flower Reading Response Essay Example for Free

Haas and Flower Reading Response Essay â€Å"If readers construct the meaning of texts, how does information transmission work?† Through constructing the meaning of texts, a reader can interpret and summarize chunks of writing into something that is already processed by the reader. Personally, I know that if I begin reading a piece of text that I have never researched or learned in the past, obviously I cannot make an information transmission. On the other hand, when I read a piece of material that Ive learned in the past, it helps me to fully interpret and think critically on the topic. If a reader can complete a create a connection between past learning and the newer topic, the reader can construct a personal judgment or opinion. The readers thesis is then developed and the reader can fully absorb and accomplish what is a â€Å"good read.† â€Å"What kinds of knowledge did you bring to this article that helped you make sense of it?† The information I brought to the article was really a collection of teachings I received through high school. The knowledge to re-read text if I dont fully comprehend the authors point. Also the ability to stop and evaluate the text to figure out what Haas and Flower were trying to explain. I received fairly intensive English courses in high school, from which I was able to transmission my past lessons to the text Haas and Flower presented. Without trying to sound repetitive, I was able to pick apart phrases of the text that I simply didnt understand, even by rereading, and use the context to help make snese of the wording Haas and Flower use.

Although it is clearly a product of its time, The Speckled Band holds :: Free Essay Writer

Although it is clearly a product of its time, The Speckled Band holds the interest of a modern audience and s a fine example. â€Å"Although it is clearly a product of its time, The Speckled Band holds the interest of a modern audience and s a fine example of the detective story genre.† Do you agree with this comment on Conan Doyle’s story? The Speckled Band has a Victorian context and in the Victorian times stories had different aspects, which they found appealing, but as a modern audience we are attracted to other aspects of stories. Because of these different appeals we know that The Speckled Band is a product of its time. The Speckled Band keeps the modern reader guessing the solution to the crime. This is very entertaining for the reader as they must try to find the answer before Sherlock Holmes does. Sherlock Holmes is characterised as an almost super human person with amazing powers of deduction this makes us admire him. Watson (Holmes’s accomplice) is a key character as he is someone who we relate to as he goes on the same journey as us. The speech in the speckled band is in a formal tone, â€Å"my name is Sherlock Holmes. This is my intimate friend and associate Dr Watson† this is different to our modern stories as we like to show less restrained emotions, so some readers may find the tone boring. The sentences spoken are long and complicated in structure they have an exaggerated style, â€Å"I observe that you are shivering†. We see again that The Speckled Band is a product of its time as there is a lot of old fashioned language, like â€Å"sorry to knock you up† and â€Å"haggard†. One of the popular appeals in Victorian times was melodrama and there is lots of this in the story. The helplessness of Helen Stoner and the fact that she needs Holmes to â€Å"advise [her] how to walk amid the dangers which encompass [her]†would appeal to the Victorians a lot as in those times women were considered the more vulnerable sex, but a modern audience may find this over the top because it is over exaggerated to us. The modern audience may find it even more overdramatic that Helen Stoner needs Sherlock to â€Å"throw a little light through the dense darkness which surrounds [her]† the modern audience sees this melodrama as too forced and false. But Victorians loved it as in their times men were considered as strong, brave and the ones who would stand up for women. This also shows that The Speckled Band was a product of its time.

Relations between Venezuela and the United States Essay

To create a speech/presentation about Venezuela-United States relations, with a focus on the regime of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez. Topic: Relations between Venezuela and the United States, with a focus on the Chavez administration. Purpose: To be able to analyze the roots of the current state of Venezuela-United States relations as well as its future, given the existence of the Chavez government. To say that relations between Venezuela and the United States are very shaky is already an understatement. This is because the foreign policy of the US in Latin America is a â€Å"rhetorically concealed fusion between popular elections and imperial appointments† (Landau 29). The US has a long history of overthrowing Latin American governments that show even the slightest hint of favoring the poor. As soon as they get word about a pro-poor Latin American leader, the US government would flex its political, economic and military muscles in order to replace him or her with a pro-US head of state. The end of the Cold War did not change this scenario. Since 1999, seven Latin American leaders were overthrown due to their pro-US stance. Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada resigned from the Bolivian presidency in 2005 due to massive popular revolts over his pro-US economic strategies. Paraguay’s Raul Cubas stepped down in 1999 due to charges of corruption and involvement in the assassination of Vice President Luis Maria Argana. Ecuadorian President Jamil Mahuad was toppled from power in 2000 because of his adherence to free trade (Landau 29). The regime of Peru’s Alberto Fujimori ended prematurely in 2000 mainly due to his bloody suppression of anti-US political dissent. The collapse of the Argentine economy in December 2001 because of neo-liberal policies resulted in popular revolts that forced President Fernando de la Rua to resign (Landau 29). But Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez is a Latin American leader that can be hardly described as a Washington lapdog. His pro-poor policies earned him immense respect and support from the Venezuelan masses, three consecutive presidential terms and harassment from the White House. The relationship between the US and Latin America has traditionally been that of a master and a slave. Since its first arrival on Latin America in the 19th century, the US clearly wanted nothing more from the continent but unlimited access to its natural resources (O’Brien 180). But changing political realities in the 20th century prompted the US to attain this objective in a more subtle fashion. For most of the 20th century, therefore, the US projected itself to Latin America as the â€Å"good neighbor† (Gilderhus 71) – an indispensable ally in the continent’s struggle against the Great Depression, the Axis Powers and Communism. But it was not until the postwar era that this â€Å"good neighbor† facade of the US became even more pronounced. Intensifying Latin American nationalism in the 1950s threatened US political and economic interests in the continent. The US, needing all the resources and allies it could get in order to challenge the Soviet Union in the global contest known as the Cold War, looked for an excuse to intervene in Latin America. Thus, American policymakers associated nationalism and Communism (O’Brien 181). This association between nationalism and Communism on the part of American lawmakers is valid to a certain extent. Prevailing economic conditions during and immediately after World War II led to the emergence of leftist politics and labor militancy throughout Latin America. In Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, for instance, postwar economic recovery and programs promoting industrialization resulted in the growth of manufacturing workers from about 50 to 60 percent. Increasing urban workforces, in turn, translated to larger and more militant labor movements that called for better working conditions and greater economic benefits. Furthermore, Communist parties in Cuba, Chile and Brazil obtained considerable gains in terms of membership and voter support (O’Brien 182). The aforementioned developments did not sit well with Latin America’s elite, who were fearful that leftist politics and labor militancy would make them lose their firm hold over the continent’s politics and economy. They therefore took advantage of the reemerging anti-Communist militancy of the US, using it as an excuse to roll back political reforms, outlaw Communist parties and crack down on independent unions (O’Brien 182). The American government, meanwhile, rewarded them by bestowing on them the political and economic leadership of their respective countries. A bloody, CIA-engineered coup in 1973 toppled the socialist regime of Chile’s Salvador Allende and ushered into power the pro-US Augusto Pinochet (Menjivar and Rodriguez 35). The US-backed Somoza dynasty ruled Nicaragua from 1937 to 1979, robbing the country blind and brutally suppressing all forms of legitimate political opposition (Leonard 1134). Francois and Jean-Claude Duvalier became the dictators of Haiti from 1957 to 1986, living off generous amounts of political and military aid from the US (Leonard 243). The dictatorship of the Dominican Republic’s Rafael Trujillo lasted from 1930 to 1961, primarily due to his exploitation of US fears of Nazism during the 1930s and Communism during the Cold War (Leonard 244). Although socialism in Latin America declined in the 1990s, certain economic developments in Venezuela led to its resurgence in the country. Venezuela had abundant oil resources, but its oil industry was developed at the expense of equally important non-oil industries. As a result, the value of the Bolivar fuerte was dependent on fluctuating oil prices. Dropping oil prices forced the Venezuelan government to take out foreign loans and to debauch the currency. Inflation ensued, plunging the Venezuelan economy into poverty (Reid 161). Since Chavez was first elected President in 1998, Venezuela’s oil policy had represented â€Å"a dramatic break from the past† (Ellner and Salas 54). This was mainly because he used the country’s oil profits to come up with numerous social programs that were intended to help the most marginalized sectors of Venezuelan society (Ellner and Salas 54). One of Chavez’s first programs was â€Å"Plan Bolivar 2000,† a civilian-military program that included road building, house construction, mass vaccinations, land reform, the lowering of infant mortality rates, the implementation of a free state-subsidized healthcare system and a system of free education up to the tertiary level (Peet and Hartwick 192). By the end of 2001, the aforementioned program led to an increase in primary school enrollment by 1 million students (Peet and Hartwick 193). Chavez preserved his administration by using oil as a means of forging alliances with like-minded leaders. In 1999, he announced that the Venezuelan state-owned petroleum company PDVSA and the Brazilian state-run oil and gas giant Petroleo Brasileiro were reviewing plans of forming a larger joint oil company. The result of these plans would be Petrosur, an enterprise that was situated on the southern cone of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. Petrosur was intended to supply oil to countries under preferential financial terms, encourage large-scale infrastructure such as pipelines and refineries and coordinate oil distribution, exploration and processing. The profits of Petrosur would be used to subsidize social programs for education, healthcare and employment (Kozloff 105). Chavez’s populist reforms earned him a second term in 2000 and a third in 2006. But his manner of using Venezuela’s oil reserves did not sit well with Washington and the Venezuelan elite. Prior to Chavez’s regime, Venezuela was the second largest supplier of oil to the United States (Noreng 74). In addition, PDVSA was controlled by the Venezuelan elites (Ellner and Salas 122). Thus, it was no longer surprising if these two parties joined forces in order to expel Chavez from power. On April 9, 2002, the CTV (Venezuela’s largest trade union organization), Fedecamaras (Venezuela’s largest business federation) and board members of the PDVSA carried out a general strike against Chavez’s oil policies. Three days later, CIA-backed elements of the Venezuelan armed forces staged a coup against him. The coup succeeded in temporarily ousting Chavez and replacing him with Fedecamaras president Pedro Carmona Estanga. Widespread popular protests, however, forced Estanga to resign from the presidency to make way for Chavez (Trinkunas 206). But the CTV, Fedecamaras and the PDVSA would not allow themselves to be defeated. On December 2, 2002, they called for the resignation of Chavez by staging another general strike. The strike lasted for 63 days – the aforementioned parties were forced to finally call it off due to subsequent detrimental effects on the Venezuelan economy. The strike was said to have devastated the Venezuelan economy by costing the latter about 7. 6% of its GDP (Kohnstamm, Bao, Porup and Schechter 28). Venezuelan politics remained turbulent until Chavez consolidated his power by winning a 2004 referendum. Having obtained tremendous political support and immense oil-generated wealth, he then proceeded to strengthen pan-American socialism. He openly established strong political and economic ties with other Leftist leaders in Bolivia, Argentina, Cuba, Uruguay, Chile and Brazil. Despite being ridiculed by Bush’s officials as â€Å"Castro’s little buddy† (Landau 30), Chavez won about 63% of the vote in Venezuela’s 2006 national elections (Kohnstamm, Bao, Porup and Schechter 28). At present, it is very obvious that majority of the Venezuelan people continue to support Chavez. In February 2009, 54% of Venezuelans (O’Neill n. pag. ) supported an amendment that would scrap presidential term limits in their country (Llana n. pag. ). Simply put, he would finally be allowed to run for the presidency in 2012. This development is ironic, considering that they rejected in 2007 a constitutional referendum which included the said issue. Moreover, Chavez’s regime was recently criticized for its failure to address acute urban problems such as transport, crime and waste disposal (O’Neill n. pag. ). But the very existence of Chavez’s administration showed Latin Americans that it is possible for them to freely elect their own representatives, as well as choose the form of government which they deem appropriate (O’Neill n. pag. ). His open defiance of Washington’s dictates proved that a Third World nation, with sheer political will and unity of the part of its citizenry, can actually assert itself to the powerful nation on earth. Through Chavez, Venezuela showed that democracy is not measured in terms of how long a leader stays in power. Rather, it is whether or not this head was in fact chosen by the people and would truly serve their interests.

How To Prevent Teen Pregnancy Essay

How to prevent teen pregnancy has been a question for many years now. Statistics have been running wild trying to keep up with the teenage generation. Many people have their opinions on the subject (teen pregnancy), because teens seem to be getting pregnant all so fast these days. People fail to realize that having a baby is supposed to be a sort of privilege. Many people take having a baby as a joke. Getting pregnant and having a child involves many pros/cons. For example having a child can be harder on some people than it is on others. When having a baby there are a lot of things to worry about, for the most important part financial problems seem to be the most talked about of teen pregnancy’s. In the prevention of teen pregnancy there are many things that are helpful. For example Abstinence is a for sure factor of not getting pregnant. There are also other helpful ways to help prevent teen pregnancy, such as sex education and birth control. All of these things are essential in the helpful prevention of teen pregnancy. Abstinence is when you give up something you desire or of pleasure to you. Abstaining from sexual activities is a great way to prevent teen pregnancy, and the risk of getting a disease. In the past years less sex and more condoms use has meant lower rates of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. Abstinence is not a crime, as most teenagers and their peers seem to think. Most teens have sex because of their peers being sexually active. The percentage of sexually active males declined from 57.4 percent to 48.8 percent, essentially erasing the gender gap. In high school students alone the rate for being sexually active went from being 66.7 percent to 60.9 percent in the years of 1991-1997. Abstinence is very important, but the peers your child hangs around are just as important. † The Nurture Assumption † says that peer groups matter a lot more than parents influencing how kids turn out, because you can pass your genes, but not your values. CDC’s National Survey of Family Growth stated that teens are having less sex. CDC’s also stated that more teenagers surveyed that their closest friends were involved in some sort of sex education class, and they were not sexually active. Abstaining from sex and learning more about sex are good ways to assure your knowledge and decrease teen pregnancy. Sex education is the study of the characteristics of being a male or a  female. Such characteristics make up a person’s sexuality. Traditionally children have received information about sexuality from their parents, church, friends, their doctors, and many other people. Many young teens learn about their bodies first. They learn their body part and why they are essential for the body to keep going each day. Many people believe that sex ed. being taught in schools assures children of correct and complete information about sexuality. How sex education is taught varies greatly from on program to another, whether in school or any other program. Sex education starts in kindergarten and continues through high school. From kindergarten through 4th grade, sex ed. teaches children about their bodies and attempts to promote a whole some attitude toward the self-development process. During these years teachers attempt to correct any false ideas children may have learned about sex. In the grades 5th through 6th teachers try to prepare students for puberty. For example, the children learn about nocturnal emissions, menstruation and changes that will take place in their bodies, they also learn and study reproduction. From grades 7th through 9th most young adults interest in sex increases, so they learn more about responsibility, and boy/girl dating. In high school, students learn more about the social and psychological aspects of sexuality. Many other subject come up at this time in a teenagers life, such as marriage, abortion, homosexuality, birth control, and many other topics. Through the teenage years there are a lot of things to be learned and taught, but the most focused on is birth control as stated by John J. Burt, Ph. D., Dean, College of Health and Human Performance. Sex education is of much importance to the teenage generation. Birth control is the control of birth or of childbearing by deliberate measures to control or prevent conception, contraception. An understanding of birth control requires some knowledge of human reproduction. About every four weeks, an egg is released by one of the two ovaries in a woman’s body. The egg then passes through a fallopian tube, and if not fertilized while in the fallopian tube, it eventually disintegrates in the uterus. The egg then passes out of the body during a women menstruation. Sexually, coming from a man millions of sperm are released into the woman’s vagina. If an egg is there sperm traveling through a woman’s fallopian tube will fertilize it  fertilized by the sperm. At this point a human being develops and nine months later a child is born. Most birth control methods are made to prevent contraceptives. The most effective contraceptive method is surgical sterilization. This is when surgery is performed so it will block the spermducts in men or the fallopian tubes in women. There are also many other kinds of contraceptive methods; they involve hormone drugs in order to prevent pregnancy. In many developing nations hormone drugs are injected into the body. These injections must be given every 90 days in order to be effective. Some of the more popular birth controls today are the pill, condoms, Norplant, and the shot. All of these forms of birth control are used to prevent teen pregnancy. Studies show that those methods are becoming effective, because the teenage pregnancy rate has dropped by 11%. Birth control is important to teenagers, and they should be used if a teen should become sexually active. Parents should remember to teach their children about birth control always, just in case a teen should become curious and decide to have sex. In conclusion teen pregnancy has hard an effect on society, in many ways. Most teen pregnancies were not planned. CDS’s says about 65% of teen pregnancy’s were not even discussed with their sexual partners. All of the other percentage of teen pregnancy’s were not planned either, but it had been discussed with the teen’s sexual partner at some point in time. Most teens began having sex without knowing the consequences. Teenagers need to take responsibility and remember to keep safe, because there are various ways to prevent teen pregnancy, for example abstinence, sex education, and various types of birth control.

Computer Crimes Defense and Prevention

Computer Crimes Defense and Prevention In 1998 former president Clinton spoke to the graduating class of the U.S. Naval Academy and he said that the security of the United States is threatened by a new breed of adversaries that has found a way to harass and terrorize America.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Crimes Defense and Prevention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clinton said that they are international criminals and terrorists who cannot defeat us in traditional theaters of battle, but search instead for new ways to attack by exploiting new technologies and the worlds increasing openness† (Aldrich, p.1). He is talking about cyberspace and one of its unwanted by-product cyberterror and cybercrime. It is important for the general public to know more about it in order to pressure government officials to invest more to protect them from unscrupulous men. Cybercrime is the act of committing crime using the Internet as a tool to bypass sec urity and increase its capability to cross borders and victimize people beyond the hacker’s country of origin. Cyberterror on the other hand is the use of the Internet to send malicious code in order to disrupt, contaminate and cause accidents in transportation hubs and at government utility facilities. The problem here is the commission of a crime without being physically present in the target area. The second major problem is the ability of criminals and terrorists to create havoc to countries like the United States, even if they are physically located thousands of miles away in another continent. Defense and Prevention The first line of defense must be international cooperation. It is useless to develop elaborate defense systems without the capability of catching criminals and terrorists that are developing their attacks outside the United States. The clamor reached a higher level when in October of 1998 Russian Foreign Minister Ivanov communicated to then General Secretar y of the UN Kofi Annan and made it known that even Russia is felt what he called as the â€Å"increasing danger of information warfare† (Aldrich, p.4).Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More International cooperation can be intensified by refining International laws concerning transnational crimes especially those related to cybercrime and cyberterror. There are at least two issues that have to be resolved in order to win in this battle. First, there is a need to develop laws and defense mechanisms that are effective but at the same time does not violate privacy of individuals (Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives, p.36). Secondly, there is a need to be one step ahead of criminals. Experts are lamenting the fact that â€Å"In this dynamic threat environment, attackers are constantly ahead of defenders, and yet the PCI standards are updated only by unanimous consent every 2 years† (Committee on Homeland Security House of Representatives, p.1). Citizens of the United States must constantly pressure their government officials to make the war against cybercrime and cyberterror one of their priorities. Conclusion The Internet created a high-level of global interconnectedness. It is a blessing for commerce but a major problem when it comes to security. Because of the I Internet, it has become increasingly difficult to deal with criminals and terrorists that can operate beyond the reach of American authorities and yet still possess the capability to wreak havoc by commuting crimes and acts of terror. International cooperation is key as well as the realization that governments must invest heavily in the fight against cybercrime and terror. Aldrich, Richard. â€Å"Cyberterrorism and computer crimes: issues surrounding the establishment of an international legal regime.† USAF Institute for National Security Studies. 2000. Web. Committee on Homeland Security House of Representatives. â€Å"Do the payment card industry data standard reduce cybercrime?† Government Printing Office. 2009. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Crimes Defense and Prevention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives. â€Å"Hearing on data retention as tool for investigating internet child pornography and other internet crimes.† Center for Democracy and Technology. 2011. Web.

Rifle vs. Riffle

Rifle vs. Riffle Rifle vs. Riffle Rifle vs. Riffle By Maeve Maddox A reader has a question about the verbs rifle and riffle in relation to papers: One word I so often see misspelled in books is riffle. Authors will say,  He rifled through the papers in the file. More often than not, they do not use riffled. I even see it in bestsellers. Actually, papers may be either rifled (long i) or riffled (short i). The words possibly share an etymology with an ancestor that had such meanings as scratch, scrape, steal, and rob. In Piers Plowman (c. 1400), Langland has the allegorical character Covetousness say, â€Å"I rose when they were asleep and rifled their sacks.† Rifle can be used transitively or intransitively to mean, â€Å"make a thorough search.† Sometimes the phrasal â€Å"rifle through† is used. Crime writers (and police) often have occasion to use the verb rifle when describing the aftermath of a break-in: I sat in the black leather chair and carefully  rifled  through the junk mail, bills, and personal correspondence. A peace group in Cleveland reports a break-in of their offices. Some items of value were taken including computer disks and stamps, others were ignored and the office was rifled. The intruder rifled drawers and files but nothing appeared to have been taken. He rifled through a desk and found a security card to the building’s front door. Drawers and filing cabinets had been rifled through and left open, but no property was initially noticed to be missing. â€Å"To riffle papers† is another thing altogether. In the context of moving paper, riffle means, â€Å"to ruffle in a slight or rippling manner.† Anyone who has ever sat outside to read a newspaper or conventional book has experienced the mild annoyance of having one’s reading interrupted by a breeze: The  breeze riffled the pages  and he held them down and stared at the  drawings, which seemed to come to life on the page. Things other than paper may be riffled: Cool  breezes riffled  through Letos hair as he descended toward the warmer surface. A late-afternoon  breeze riffled  the water out beyond the  lazy  breakers and hustled some candy wrappers down the wet brown beach. A sudden  gust riffled  palm fronds overhead, but nothing else stirred. Another use of riffle is to describe the movement of flicking through papers or cards in such a way as to release the leaves or cards in rapid succession: As the  cards  are held and  riffled, the back design of the  cards  are observed.   The dealers  hands  riffled  the deck, and the  cards  made a smooth, purring noise. With rifle and riffle- as with so much else- context is all. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withPeace of Mind and A Piece of One's Mind25 Idioms About Bread and Dessert

In what ways is organisational culture important to be managed in Essay

In what ways is organisational culture important to be managed in today's organisation - Essay Example All the factors stated above will change with time and consequently affect organisational culture. (Gordon, 1991) One can therefore say that organisational culture is mainly described by group factors such as ideology and concepts; there is a need to include normative behaviour when tackling this issue. Organisational culture is not something that can be seen very easily it is therefore quite hard to replace it. Normally when certain leaders form a company, their values are translated into the actions of the members of that organisation. (Bate 1994) When other leaders take over, it may not be as easy to change those perspectives immediately. Sometimes some of their actions; like rewards may change the ways employees go about their day to day activities but it may be difficult to change their culture. Schein (1985) asserts that it is important to manage organisational culture because he believes the latter term is the key to attainment of excellence within any one organisation. He also believes that leaders are given the task of creating and also managing organisational culture. Managers who are able to identify organisational culture can then build up on the following important aspects; There are certain impediments or strong points that may be created as a result of organisational culture. Structure and methods available for organisations need to be streamlined to suite certain common cultural insights in the organisation. Leaders must identify the elements of organisational culture that will come in the way of achieving organisational goals and eliminate them while at the same time, managers must ensure that they reinforce elements of their organisational culture that facilitate success. (Gordon, 1991) It should be noted that organisational culture makes a company what it is; it gives the organisation a sense of identity. Consequently, members within that organisation will feel connected to that organisation because of its culture. It

Recreation and Leisure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Recreation and Leisure - Essay Example The main reason that has led to these changes is change in economy and technology with time. During times of excellent economic growth, people had more cash to spend in leisure while hard economic times are characterized by increased working time and reduced leisure time. Additionally, the working environment has changed enabling people to participate in work and leisure activities in the same context. This is common particularly for businesspersons who can be in a business trip and mange to create some time in between for recreation purposes. This paper is a description of how the changing socio-economic conditions and major cultural developments, has affected the relationship between work and leisure. The paper will focus on how work and leisure have been evolving in Western societies from the medieval times until the present. Our oldest ancestors, the hunter and gathers, had no clear distinction between work and leisure. The two activities accompanied each other with no specific time set for work or leisure. The two activities we blended irrespective of the fact that there was some minimal understanding of what work or leisure was. However, the terms work and leisure were non-existent and even though people engaged in activities we now consider as leisure, the early people did not have specified activities to engage in for relaxation purposes. The distinction between the two has evolved greatly over time such that work and leisure are completely distinguishable in the contemporary western society. Amongst the Greeks, activities such as farming that we now consider as work was considered as some sort of religious activities that was a sacred undertaking1. In the medieval period, there was great separation in the roles played by men from those played by females. However, there was no clear distinction between work and leisure. Activities such as dancing,

Environmental Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Environmental Ethics - Essay Example The term â€Å"unconsciously† is used to describe how widespread information is to any individual, however acquisition and grasping of said knowledge only a few dares to achieve; thus creating confusions not only to those who fail to understand but also to those who are not ‘abled’ to think. Luckily for those incapable, humans’ actions directly affect them no matter how they evade it. A great illustration of which is how much humans value nature nowadays. Organizations after organizations spring up waving their missions and objectives, fighting for what should’ve obviously been done decades ago, and teaching what each individual should have known since they started school, namely, environmental awareness. Knowing what to do and knowing what should be done are two different things. The latter requires researching while the former calls for action. Change is what should be done, and in order for it to progress people need to start from themselves. Proper waste disposal and pollution are only two of the many environmental concerns haunting each household every day. These two are the most common for these two give birth to the others and they are caused by people’s lack of discipline. Humans are the main contributor of wastes and pollution universe-wide. Waste disposal and pollution are the most critical environmental issues that need to be dealt with because not only do these two bring about the rest; they also have the easiest solution --- change in human behavior. Bearing in mind how beneficial it is not only for each household but for the entire world; if only people will finally learn the value of their environment, will greatly affect how people view these concerns thus making them realize that taking care of the environment is for their own good. Anthropocentrism is the easiest way of making human being realize how big their part in our environment. Using this point of view, they will be able to see

Organic vs. Conventional Foods Essay Example for Free

Organic vs. Conventional Foods Essay For years, there has been a debate on how food is grown. Should it be organic or conventionally grown? To answer this question, the difference between the two needs to be known. Organic produce is grown without chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Organic livestock is free ranged, most of the time, with no added antibiotics or growth hormones. Conventionally grown produce is usually processed after being harvested. They are also sprayed with chemical pesticides and enriched with polluting fertilizers. Research Stanford University has held over 250 investigations that compared the nutritional value of organic and traditional crops. These studies show that organic foods tend to contain slightly more phosphorous, a higher level of omega ­3 fatty acids, and a 30% lower rate of chemical residue. However, traditional chicken and pork is one ­third more likely to contain antibiotic bacteria than organic meats. Bacterias that cause food poisoning are equally present in both traditional and organic. They have little difference in nutritional value. Organic When people see â€Å"organic,† they immediately think â€Å"pesticide ­free.† Organic products can still be labeled as organic, even if they contain commercial pesticides. The U.S. Department of Agriculture stated that almost 20% of organic lettuce showed up as positive for containing a  pesticide   called spinosad. Spinosad comes from a naturally occurring bacterium in soil. Although it is considered slightly toxic to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), it can be used while farming and still be labeled as organic. Spinosad, under the name Entrust, is especially harmful to the nervous system of insects, and small marine life, like mollusks. Spinosad, as well as compounds made of natural elements like sulfur and copper, have made it onto a list of pesticides open for use on organic crops, which you can find on the USDA website. Organic farming became popular in the 1970s when the first pesticides and fertilizers were introduced. The effects of the chemicals they contained were soon noticed. The chemicals paralyzed the nervous system of many people. People became concerned with what they were consuming. Organic produce may have a longer storage time and lower input costs, but there is more bad that comes out of it than there is good. Organic crops have a longer growing time. Organic farming also requires more skill than needed for traditional farming and has higher risks of soil erosion. Despite the disadvantages, organic farming is more popular than ever. Organic products tend to have a more natural taste, and is believed to decrease the risk of the avian flu. Conventional Since organic farming is becoming so popular, traditional farming is beginning to be frowned upon. It is believed to be highly dangerous and an environmental risk. However, that is not the case. Conventional farmers are starting to focus on soil fertility techniques, such as crop rotation and composting. Although some farmers still use chemical based fertilizers, herbicides, and  pesticides, others have switched to fertilizers, herbicides, and   pesticides with little to no chemicals. Conventional farms can produce more crops per acre, replenish soil, decrease risk and topsoil erosion. Conventional farming is also cheaper and require less skill. The amount problems with conventional farming have risen over the years. These problems are becoming more serious. Droughts are a big problem when it comes to traditional farming. Crops rely on rainfall to live and grow properly. If a drought occurs, it is very likely for starvation in a community to happen. Also, crops must be sprayed with the right amount of pesticide or herbicide. If not given the right amount, crops, runoff, and local water sources can be contaminated. Suicide within the conventional farming community is also a very common thing. Since 2009, over 200,000 Indian farmers have committed suicide due to debts they could not pay off. The decreased sea levels and organic competition is the cause of their lowering profit. Price Differences The prices of organic products tend to be around three to four dollars more than regular produce and meat. Say you were at the grocery store. Your grocery list contained bread, a dozen eggs, and a half gallon of milk. If you were to buy these things as conventional products, it would cost around $7. However, organic versions of these products would cost about $11.50. Organic products, such as milk, eggs, or chicken, can cost up to five dollars more than conventional products. Which Should I Buy? Every year, the Environmental Working Group (EWG) releases two official lists of the crops with the most and least amounts of chemical residues. These lists are called the â€Å"Clean 15† and the â€Å"Dirty Dozen.† As of 2015, the crops that made the Clean 15

Perceptual Errors Essays -- Essays Papers

Perceptual Errors Perceptual Organization (1) ï‚ § Similarity is described as the tendency to group similar items. Similarity is much like stereotyping. Stereotyping is when someone judges another person on the perception of the group to which that person belongs. ï‚ § Proximity is described as the tendency to group elements that are close together. Implicit theories allow the presence of one characteristic to bring up a list of other characteristics that one would â€Å"think† goes with it. Implicit theories group elements that close together. ï‚ § Closure is the tendency to fill in the gaps in incomplete stimuli. A perception of people that apply to closure would be the Halo Effect. The halo effect allows one salient characteristic to overshadow ones evaluation of another in multiple arenas. In other words a person will â€Å"fill in the gaps† of another person. ï‚ § Continuation is the tendency to organize stimuli into continuous lines or patterns. Selective Perception is much like continuation. Selective perception is the continuing to justify ones own values, beliefs, etc. ï‚ § Simplicity is the tendency to reduce stimuli to their simplest shapes or patterns. The Actor-Observer Bias is a good example of simplicity. The observer in the actor-observer bias only sees the actual behavior of the actor. The observer only can assume things from the behavior and not the internal factors contributing to the actor’s behavior. Perc...

Measuring Crime Essay

There are so many different police agencies and levels here in the United States. Here are a few of the Federal policing agencies: Department of agriculture, commerce, Defense, FBI, and justice, but there are 15 Federal departments. The State level agencies consist of highway patrols, port authorities, state police, fish and wild life police which are only a few of the state levels agencies. At the local level agencies, there are campus, constables, transit police, and sheriff’s department, which also are just a small portion of the local level agencies. With so many policing agencies, we measure the crime level here in the United States with three main tools. â€Å"They are uniform crime report, National crime victimization survey, and the National incident based reporting system. The uniform crime report: Law enforcement agencies voluntarily report crime statistics on a monthly basis to the FBI. Areas of interest are murder, burglary, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, larceny/theft, auto theft and arson. The National victimization survey is conducted by the Bureau of Justice statistics; the survey is conducted every six months on all household members 12 and older to help determine the magnitude of illegal unfair treatment-mainly unreported victimization. The National incident based reporting system is new and currently being tested and evaluated. This system will eventually replace the uniform crime report. Additionally, this report will expand the list of crimes for which data is collected† (University of Phoenix, 2013). Major crime reporting programs and purposes In the United States, there are several modes of crime reporting that assist lawmakers, citizens, and criminal justice officials with accurate information regarding various crimes. The three major programs are the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS), Uniform Crime Reports  (UCR), and National Crime Reporting (NCR). Each reporting system serves a direct reporting purpose that has advantages for some and disadvantages for others. The three crime reporting systems have distinct origins that details the need for the creation of each system while providing justification for its longevity. The three major crime reporting systems are feasible for people trying to gain information on crimes and will be relevant until more intricate systems exist. â€Å"The objective of the Uniform Crime Reporting program is to produce crime statistics for law enforcement administration, operation, and management† (Texas Department of Public Safety, 2014). UCR is a national administrative program that uses collaboration between, states, counties, and federal law enforcement agencies to publish criminal statistics. Although effective, the UCR is not 100 percent accurate because all departments do not report criminal data to the program. The NIBRS focuses on incidents and arrests as opposed to crime completely and the information is generated by local, state, and federal agencies. National Crime Reporting is a program that shows the crime statistics of the nation. It is an index of information that is available to federal, state, and local authorities. The major purposes of crime reporting programs are to provide senior officials with an accurate snapshot of crime data that fluctuates. The data has many purposes to many people like city officials who use the data to place emphasis on certain crimes. The data is also important to media and public citizens who use the information to conduct research or shop for homes. Though the information is mostly accurate, the Federal Bureau of Investigations discourages negatively using the information to depict a region, state, county, or city. There are numerous factors that influence the fluctuation of certain crimes in different areas so using common sense to decipher the sociological factors is necessary. References Texas Department of Public Safety. (2014). The Texas uniform crime reporting program. Retrieved from http://www.txdps.state.tx.us/administration/crime_records/pages/ucr.htm University of Phoenix (2013) Interactive Multi-Media CJI Link [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA-204 website

My role in globalized society Essay

Globalization is defined as the process of integration of philosophies, beliefs and other properties between different cultures (Albrow and King 1990, Giddens 1991). In modern society globalization plays an important role, whether it be on social, economic or cultural levels (Held et al. 1999). One of the key contributors to globalization is the mass media, in recent times this has occurred through cultural integration and the flow of information between different countries through mediums such as television, newspapers, film, music and newer technologies (Curran and Park 2000, Tomlinson 1999). With the development of new technologies, international cultural exchange will become easier, as has already been seen with Internet platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. Significant theories in media and communications have arisen through globalization these include modernity, developmental theories such as the network society and cultural imperialism (Held et al. 1999, Herman and McChesney 2004). This essay will be exploring these theories and concepts in international communications and globalization to better understand media and the media industries in the twenty-first century. It will also critically engage these theories with my personal views and understanding as a media and communications student as well as a global citizen. Early communication theories were based around modernization and development. Daniel Lerner’s early works on modernization focused on the dispersion of Western culture, technological improvements and innovation (Albrow and King 1990, Lerner 1958). In the 1960’s Wilbur Schramm furthered modernization theory, he explained that communication could be used to benefit developing nations both politically and economically (Curran and Park 2000, Schramm 1964). Since earlier modernization and developmental theories, the focus has been switched away from Western influences and diffusion, rather gaining a more neutral interpretation. Anthony Gid den’s attempts to discredit the original ‘media dependency theory’ by differentiating traditional and modern societies, explaining that although influences have played a role in globalization, over time people have ‘stretch[ed] further and further across space and time using mass media and interactive media (Giddens 1991).’ Historically Western influence has played a large role in everyday society, from politics to economics, in media this is seen through television, film and news. One of the major influences over  the past few decades is Hollywood and it’s byproducts (Miller 2001, Mingant 2012). Traditional Hollywood films, although focused for an American only target, were broadcasted throughout the world, where it was well received. These films consisted of American values and cultures, additionally the ‘cast and spectacular quality’ are the reasons behind strong popularity around the world for these Hollywood films (Mingant 2012). As a global citizen it is easy to recognize this influence since the local film industry isn’t as large and the majority of the ‘popular’ films are from Hollywood. But this trend is on the decline as we are seeing more and more international films from India and France as well as Eastern and European influences in Hollywood films. This has lead to an increasing significance of other ‘foreign markets in [this] globalized world’ which has to change is the global market (Miller 2001, Mingant 2012). Similar to modernization and developmental theories, cultural imperialism theories were based on US influence and impact on developing countries. Herbert Schiller, one of the main contributors to cultural imperialism in 1969, explained that the US gaining imperialistic control of developing countries through the media (Schiller 1969, Sparks 2007). This view was influential and opened the door for others to critique and further cultural imperialism theories. Oliver Boyd-Barred advanced cultural imperialism theory by suggesting that it was more than just ‘gaining control’ and more so a matter of inequality between different nations and this lead to ‘political and economic dependency’ (Boyd-Barrett 1977). Through local news media we can see the inequality of news reporting. The news is often Western dominated and shows hints of modern imperialism, whereas when developing countries are show in the news it is mainly related to corruption or tragedy. Over time this has lead to a bias image of these countries, which places the viewer with an inadequate understanding of the issue. Additionally, the developing nations are unable to produce their own mass media, and if they are they copy the formats of the Western world. As a global citizen it is easy to see the inequality between different nations and with such a large influence from countries like the US and UK, we are beginning to see the same stories covered over and over again. A perfect example is when an even occurs US, for example the shooting of a black teenager; this news is spread throughout the world even though there is very little interest from other countries (Reuters 2014). Where as when killing occurs in other parts of the world, for example recently in Gaza when thousands had died, it was barely covered in Western media (AAP 2014). This shows a heavy political influence on the media. Nonetheless, although not predominant in the Western world, I believe Al-Jazeera is becoming a news platform for developing and Eastern countries. These are ‘real worldwide’ news stories, which have an equal balance of news stories from all over the world. Additionally, these news stories are more informative and let the audience make their own view on the topic at hand. In this modern age we are going through a technological revolution, new media platforms are being produced every day and content creation is easier then ever. Social media is slowly taking over as the predominant medium and sites such as Facebook and Twitter are booming through more and more people joining as well as advertisement revenue. Through this boom we are seeing increased globalizati on across these platforms. Many worldwide issues are discussed on social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, from the FIFA World Cup, to the recent events in Ferguson, USA (Frier 2014, Reuters 2014). It is also important recognize that when going though these stories on social media, everyone is given an opportunity to present their own view. Outside of these social media platforms, users are able to access more worldwide news as well as create their own content. As a global citizen, I often see myself researching topics in much more detail to gain a better understanding of news and issues. I feel this is the best way to gain an accurate view. I have a Facebook, Twitter and Instagram and through these media platforms I see many issues being discussed. Social media and the Internet will slowly take over as the dominant form of information flow. Globalisation can be seen to have many benefits as well has having a negative side. Traditionally globalization meant influencing other global nations with respect to media, politics and economics. This was a global view during early media theory works. Only through the 1970’s did the globalization theories become questioned with claims of inequality and bias (Boyd-Barrett 1977, Schiller 1969). From these findings through to modern media we are seeing a slight move away from Western dominance of media. The concentration of media agencies is owned by a few people and although the US is no longer considered culturally imperialistic; the global media system is still yet to hit the developing nations. As a global citizen, the media is  complex system and without looking further into issues of media we are given a one sided story with bias.