Flight Attendant Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips

Flight Attendant Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips Have you ever wanted to fly? If your answer is yes, then you’ve probably imagined yourself being a flight attendant at some point.That job is, however, not for everyone, just like any other job, you might say.But, being a flight attendant is not easy at all. It includes a lot of stress, a lot of patience towards passengers and the ability to keep calm in difficult and maybe even emergency situations.And as with any other job, the usual way to get the job is to apply for it and hope you get called to an interview.In order for recruiters to pick you amongst hundreds and even thousands of people who applied, you need to have a good resume.Having a good resume helps you stand out of the crowd and show the recruiters what kind of person you really are.A lot of people tend to make generic resumes, meaning they usually write the same boring stuff, often even lie about their skills, just to get the job they want.That shouldn’t be your goal. Lying about your skills might be dangerous in t his job, also for getting the job, as employers have their ways of spotting a lie in a resume.You always need to think about the responsibility you have towards the regular people who are traveling via planes.Therefore, it is much better to sweat a bit and make a perfect resume.Today we are here to help you with that. We are going to show you how to write a perfect resume.Let’s start by asking the most important questions every resume should answer:What makes my resume different than others?What are the most important sections of every resume?Do I use pre-made resume templates, or should I create my own?What is the optimal size for a resume?So, every good resume should answer these four questions without any problems.The trick is, however, to write it that way. To ease it for you, use our template resume builder!Now let’s talk why you need to have a perfect resume, apart from standing out of the crowd.Well, you need to make yourself look professional, and you can do that by havi ng a resume that looks professional as well.So, in this guide, we are going to show you some examples of what makes the perfect resume.Then, we will focus on every individual section of a resume and what piece of information each of them should include.And lastly, we will finish with some tips, concerning smaller things, that could affect your resume a lot.So, strap in and let’s begin!Flight Attendant Resume Example Right Flight Attendant Resume Sample Right Create your own resumeGUIDE ON WRITING THE PERSONAL INFO SECTIONSo, you must be wondering why are resumes so important?Well, they are the first mean of contact between the company and the job applicant.So, in order to leave a good first impression, you need to have a perfect resume.One good way of doing that is to start your resume by writing something about yourself.Make sure not to write too much though, since resumes should be small in size, from 1 to maximum 2 pages in total, so you shouldn’t put any irrelevant information inside of it.That is easier said than done, though.But, worry, not! You can use our resume template creator anytime you want. It will help you create your resume, simply by allowing you to fill in the template and finish your resume in just a couple of minutes.Full nameThe most usual thing to say when starting a conversation with someone you’ve just met is, of course, to share your name. It’s the same with resumes.However, make sure not to write any nick names, since it won’t look professional.And remember, you want your resume looks professional.So, what you should do instead is use your full name, as shown in the example below.Melinda Coulson RightMelinda 'Melly' Coulson WrongProfessionThe next thing you want recruiters to know is your current profession or title, in case you are unemployed at the moment.So, right under your name, you should put your professional title.If you are just a student or fresh graduate, make sure to share your highest education title.This would make your resume looks nice and professional, increasing your chances of getting the job.PhotoFor some jobs, sharing your picture is required, for some not so much.However, it cannot hurt to always have a picture in your resume.You just need to remember one thing, which is that you shouldn’t use just any picture that comes to your mind.Since you want to make your profile look professional, you want to have a picture that would represent your professional beh avior.That means you shouldn’t use Facebook and Instagram pictures in which you don’t look professional.It could lower your chance of getting the job, which is something no one would want to experience.Phone numberSome recruiters like to hear the applicants over phone, so it is always a good idea to share your phone number in your resume.It also makes it easier, meaning they wouldn’t need to wait for email messages to arrive on both sides, before talking to you.In other words, sharing your phone number could make recruitment time faster.AddressIt is usually not required to share the address where you currently live.However, there is a good reason to do it.If you share your address, recruiters will be able to see the area where you live, meaning that they could possibly either pay you for transportation, if the company is a bit too far, or you could even get the personal ride or organized transport to the company itself.E-Mail addressOne of the crucial information about yoursel f that you definitely must share is your email address.It is the usual way of communication between employees and employers, as well as between the recruiters and job applicants. However, do not put just any mail.As with every other information in your resume, email should also look professional. Let’s see the example below.melindacoulson@gmail.com Rightmelly2105@gmail.com WrongAs seen in the table, it is not a good idea to use your nicknamed emails for business purposes.The best thing to do would be to make one email only for business and job applications, in order to avoid confusion.As for the email providers, it is better to use some of the most known providers, such as Gmail, Hotmail, and Yahoo.Social media profilesToday’s world depends a lot on the internet and, as of recently, it relies a lot on social media.You can find almost anyone who has the internet on social media.Even today’s companies tend to advertise themselves on different social media platforms, depending on their field and market conditions.So, now that we know that, the question is whether to share your social media profiles on your resume or not? Well, the simple answer is that you could.However, before you do that, you need to make sure that your social media profiles look good and professional, allowing recruiters to meet you, but also to get a sense of professionalism in you.The most important social media profile you should share is your LinkedIn profile.Before you do that, however, be sure to fix your profile link first. If you are not sure how to do that, take a look at the example below.linkedin.com/in/melinda-coulson Rightlinkedin.com/in/melinda-coulson-2x987456 WrongAs you can see in the table, the link in the left column is slightly edited, making it look more professional and easier to read, which would probably be appreciated by anyone who would have the job to read your resume.GUIDE ON WRITING THE SUMMARY SECTIONWe know we had said that resumes should be short and w ithout too much unnecessary information.However, it would be a good idea to write a short summary section, even though it would just be the replay of stuff that is already in the resume.The summary section should contain the most important information about your current or previous jobs, the things you learned by doing those jobs and some achievements you might’ve picked on the way. Let’s check the example.SummaryFlight Attendant with 5 years of experience in international flights. Worked in Qatar Airways and Turkish Airlines, where I got the experience in working with people and making sure they are safe and satisfied while they are on their flights. During the process, I learned CPR, AED and the process of giving the first aid. I also have the necessary aircraft training. RightSummaryA flight attendant with 5 years of experience. WrongAs shown in this example, you should open with your current position or title, following by years of experience and personal achievements, ski lls, and field of work.By doing that you separate yourself from the crowd of people who write generic resumes with bland information, such is the one in the right column of the table.You should make it look professional, by sharing as much information as possible, but still keeping the summary short, not longer than a few sentences.GUIDE ON WRITING THE EXPERIENCE SECTIONAlmost everything in your resume should be written in the reverse-chronological order, meaning that you would first write the things that happened recently, then go further to the past.Writing the experience section is one of those things.You should first state your current or past job, then go back to the past and finish with your first job.Another important thing to remember is that you should try to write something about the job you did in each company, as shown in the example. Right WrongGUIDE ON WRITING THE EDUCATION SECTIONNow that you are done with writing the experience section, you need to go back to the past and write something about your education.The method is completely the same.You should first write the highest education that you had received, then moving back to the past.However, sometimes you don’t have to write more than one school or university.If you are very experienced in what you do, it is better only to state your highest education and write more about all that experience you got, which would help you preserve some space and keep more important things in your resume.Same as with the experience section, make sure to write a couple of points about your student activities and personal achievements.If you had good grades, you could also put your GPA score, along with the Dean’s list, in case that you make onto it for several semesters, or if the criteria for being on the Dean’s list was very high.If you feel unsure about how to do it and you’re afraid of making a mistake, feel free to use our resume template creator to help you do it in just a couple of minutes. Right WrongGUIDE ON WRITING THE SKILLS SECTIONThe skills section is where you are supposed to write all about the skills you have.One thing to note here is that you shouldn’t write every skill you have, even though it is good to know a lot and to be skilled as much as possible.Instead, you should focus on sharing the skills that are closely related to the job position you are applying for because different jobs require different skills. Let’s see the example below.SkillsProfessional skills:FAA certificationCertification for basic medical assistance (CPR and First Aid)Good with peopleCompassionateKnowledge of safety regulations on flightsKnowledge of the plane layout (emergency exit, door controls, etc.)Languages:English (native)French (fluent)Spanish (basic)Other skills:OrganizedCommunicative RightSkillsHTML, CSS, Python, Great personal skills WrongAs seen in the example, it would be wrong to include certain skills, even though they are highly-valued. The problem is, most of them a re pretty useless for flight attendant position.So, instead of throwing all the skills you have on the paper, you should only select those important to your position.Another thing to note is that you should try to divide your skills into categories and use bulleting lists to make your skills look easier to read.That could help the recruiters to compare your skills with skills they need to find in the perfect applicant, thus, potentially increasing your chance of getting that job.TIPS TRICKSWe’ve covered the most important sections of each resume and learned how to write them, what information to write, and what not to write.Let’s talk about some minor things that could be very important when it comes to making your perfect resume, and those are:Picking good font style â€" the usual start of writing every document is to choose the right font. When it comes to writing a resume, you want your resume to both to look professional and to picture your personality at the same time. Tha t said, there is no need for one standardized font to use. You could use whatever you want. However, you shouldn’t use handwritten font styles because they are harder to read and could cause some trouble to recruiters. You never know how old someone is.The right resume size â€" some people tend to have resumes that are 3 pages in length. You might think that it is good that way because they do have a lot of experience and need space to write everything down, but you would be wrong. Every resume should be no longer than 1, maximum 2 pages. You can put every important thing on your resume and still keep it short enough. The only thing you need to do is to separate the important information and the useless ones.Bulleting lists â€" since resumes should contain a lot of information, but to stay short at the same time, you should use any help you can find to reduce unnecessary text. One good way to do that would be to use bulleting lists. It would remove any unneeded words and sentences , and it would also make it much easier for recruiters to read our resume. That way, it would look more professional.Good file format for your resume â€" when it comes to selecting the file format for your resume, we could say that there are two possible options that are both really good. People usually use either TXT or PDF file format. TXT files format is much easier to edit, which is why it is often used for resumes, especially when you are a fast learner and need to update your resume a lot. However, PDF looks much more professional, so we have to pick it as the recommended file format for your resume. If you are worried about having to update your resume a lot, then make sure to keep a copy of your resume in TXT format and edit it whenever you need to. Just don’t forget to convert it to PDF before you send it to recruiters.Custom or manual template â€" another thing that could help you to describe your personality in your resume, apart from font style, is the resume template. The template could show what kind of person you are, whether you are organized or dynamic. By doing that, you let recruiters get to know you better and perhaps make the decision about hiring you much easier than it would be the case if they didn’t have some additional information. You can always create your own resume template, which could be the best idea. However, if you don’t have time to do it, or you just feel afraid of doing it, feel free to use our resume template creator and just fill in all the information we had talked about, and you will have your resume ready in a couple of minutes.Checking the email regularly â€" you know how emails can be buggy and messages could often get lost in the spam folder? That is the reason for you to check your emails regularly, even spam folder, in order not to miss a chance of getting the job you had applied for. Some recruiters might even call you via phone, but checking your emails regularly is a must.Re-reading your resume â€" once you are done with writing your resume, what you should do is go back and read it while pretending to be a recruiter searching for a new employee. That way, you will look at your resume from a different perspective and see if you might’ve missed something earlier while you were writing the resume. By doing that, you will completely polish your resume and make it ready to be sent out and get you your interview invitation.Edit resume to fit the job â€" like we had said above, not every job requires the same skills. Meaning that not every resume is fitting for every job. That means you should check what are the details of the job position you want to apply for and try to edit your resume to completely fit that position. Add some skills that are required, if you have them and remove those that are not so important. That way, you will increase your chance of getting the job.Mentioning political opinion â€" we often hear about how people get jobs because they have friends in high places or because they share the same political opinion as to the company’s top. That drives a lot of people to write about their political opinion in their resumes. Yes, it could be beneficial, but it is not recommended to do so since it can also backfire, which mostly does. Perhaps the person responsible for recruitment doesn’t share your opinion, in which case, your resume could just be put on the side and forgotten. That’s why you should avoid mentioning any political opinions and activities you might have had.Using proper grammar â€" another very good way to show professionalism in your resume is not to have grammar mistakes. Trust me when I say that no one likes to see the resume with grammar mistakes. It looks very unprofessional and gives the impression that the person responsible for it is not such a good candidate after all.Add new things to your resume â€" people learn new things from time to time. We tend to acquire new skills, achieve great things and get some experience by doing it. That’s why you should really update your resume whenever you achieve something important, whether it is just a new skill or simply a great achievement that could help you with getting the job.CONCLUSIONThat was it for today’s guide. We learned how to write a perfect Flight Attendant resume.We’ve seen some examples of great resumes for Flight Attendant and went over the most important section that every resume should have.We now know what information is important and what is not important.The only thing left to be done now is for you to go and write your own resume.However, if you still feel like you are not up to the task, feel free to use our resume template creator and make your perfect resume in just a moment. Create your own resume

Sustainable Environment; Engineering Solutions Essay

Introduction: Air pollution can be defined as the harmful gases in the air that we breathe. Pollution can be caused by natural sources or as a result of human activities. Natural pollutants include: dust, pollen, smoke from forest fires, and bacterial and volcanic action. Nevertheless, human activities are the main cause of air pollution. Major sources of air pollution are industrial (factories and power stations) at 36% and on-road transportation at 26%. Currently, the number of vehicles on roads is constantly rising, leading to producing more pollutants. The most common pollutants in transportation are nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulpher dioxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matters. This essay will examine the impacts on human†¦show more content†¦Impacts of vehicle emissions Vehicle emissions are now becoming a problem. Vehicle emissions can lead to a reduction in quality of life and contamination of water, air and soil. This contamination causes some health problems for human such as heart diseases, cancer, and respiratory illnesses include: bronchitis and asthma, and even premature mortality particularly in children and the elderly. Pimentel (2007) points out that about 40% of deaths worldwide are caused by water, air and soil pollution (Sciencedaily 2007). In addition, these emissions can affect the nervous system in the human body. Ecosystems may also be affected by hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulpher dioxide and particulate matter, by directed damaging vegetation, interfering with plant functions and growth which affects adversely animals (Fuel Economy 2005). Air pollution can also be responsible for the decrease economy that could be for two reasons. First, damaging plants might produce negative economic impacts on the agricultu ral sector. These impacts are important where agriculture is the source of income. 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William Faulkner s A Rose For Emily - 1810 Words

William Faulkner is one amazing writing ,who is known for his many short stories .However, many has wondered what has influenced him in writing these stories . Like his well known, most famous short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, which has always been compared to â€Å"Barn Burning†, one of Faulkner’s other short story. It only make sense to compare them two together because these two stories has may similarities , whether it may be in setting , characters or style they favor each other . Nevertheless they also have many differences too, which make them even more interesting and unique. This paper is going to explore all those aspects including Faulkner’s past, to get a clear idea of how different yet similar these two stories are. Faulkner was born in new Alban, Mississippi but was raised in Oxford, Mississippi. Before his family moved to oxford and the American Civil War they were really wealthy before. Faulkner used oxford as the foundation for the imaginary town of jerrferson in Yoknapatawpha Country. In Faulkner’s early writing he emulated the poetic styling of Edward Fitzgerald, A.E Housman, John Keats, and Algernon Swinburne. (Williams). William Faulkner has been known for imaging things before any other writer could of think of it. He had a tremendous eye for drama, tragedy, and refined humor in the history and people of the South. Faulkner’s short stories cover a lot of aspect of life in the south America including family dynamics , gender , socialShow MoreRelatedWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily951 Words   |  4 Pagesliterary Response to â€Å"A Rose for Emily† â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner was published in 1930. This short story is set in an old southern town. I believe that this and several other combinations of events are what made the main character Miss Emily go insane. Miss Emily was an old school southern woman trapped in a modernizing society. 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History of Theatre Lesson Notes Essay - 5401 Words

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Theirs was a society that resisted changes that might have led to an autonomous t heatre. Define the vocabulary terms and state their significance to theatre history: performance elements-activities which encompass most human transactions and make use of a number of common elements: time, place, sound, etc. How they are treated and for what purpose, distinguishes one kind of transaction from another. Ritual-a religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order (theory that theatre originated from this, stories arise from these and this leads to reenactments of them). Cultural Darwinism-theory about evolution of biological species that theorists who came up with the ritual origination extended to include cultural phenomena-and consequently they assumed that human institutions including theatre, evolved through a process in which there was a steady development from the simple to the complex. 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Competition in the Global Wine Industry Essay Example For Students

Competition in the Global Wine Industry: Essay Competition in the Global Wine Industry:A U.S. PerspectiveMurray SilvermanProfessor of ManagementCollege of BusinessSan Francisco State University1600 Holloway AvenueSan Francisco, CA 94132Phone: 415-338-7489Fax: 415-338-0501Email: emailprotectedRichard CastaldiProfessor of ManagementCollege of BusinessSan Francisco State UniversityPhone: 415-338-2829Fax: 415-338-0501Email: emailprotectedSally BaackAssistant Professor of ManagementSan Francisco State UniversityCollege of BusinessPhone: 415-338-6421Email: emailprotectedGreg Sorlien, MBASan Francisco State UniversityCollege of BusinessCompetition in the Global Wine Industry:A U.S. PerspectiveThe total volume of the global wine market in 1998 was measured at 6.8 billion gallons, with 25% of the total volume accounting for wine that was purchased outside the country from which the wine was produced (California Wine Export Program, 2000). This represents an increase over the 1991-95 period, during which the export segment of the market av eraged approximately 17% by volume. The increasing trend for the export market since 1995 is due primarily to a change in the strategic priority that wine producing countries are placing on exporting as a method for growth. Historically, the market for wine was primarily one of local production and consumption. That paradigm has changed in the last few decades as a few of the more established wine drinking countries have seen their per capita consumption stagnate or decline (Table 3). At the same time, several wine producing countries around the world have begun to make an impact on the export market in an attempt to expand their industries beyond their limited local markets. The result of this shift in market focus for some of the older wine producing countries plus the rise of new wine producing countries around the world has caused an increase in the competitive nature of the global wine market. Currently the U.S. is the fourth largest producer of wine in the world (Table 1) yet only accounts for approximately 4.2% of the total wine export market based on volume (Table 2). One reason for this disparity can be attributed to the low level of strategic importance placed on exporting by most U.S. wineries. In the past, a very common export strategy for U.S. companies was to export only the excess capacity that was on hand due to over production (Monterey County Herald, 1998), thus there was little focus on establishing a presence in the global market place. Foreign governments could also restrict U.S. wineries ability to operate by using anti-competitive actions such as implementing high tariffs for wine in retaliation for other trade issues, or implementing laws specifically designed to protect local wineries. The end result of these government interventions is that U.S. wines carry an increased cost burden over local wines and other imported wines, making it difficult to compe te in the local markets. In recognition of the opportunities presented by the global wine market and the threat that importers pose to the U.S. wine industry in 1998, the industry created a voluntary initiative called WineVision. The goal of WineVision is to help create strategies that will enable U.S. wineries to be more competitive and to increase the demand for U.S. wine both domestically and internationally. WineVision is focusing on three main strategic priorities: 1) become the leader in sustainable practices environmentally sound, socially responsible and economically viable, 2) make wine an integral part of the American culture, 3) and position U.S. wine as the high-quality, high-value product (across price points) in global markets targeted for the greatest prosperity (WineVision, 2000). This Industry Note provides background information relating to the third strategic priority of positioning U.S. wine as the high-quality, high-value product (across price points) in global markets. An overview of wine and the current global wine industry will be given along with some examples of how U.S. wineries are implementing strategies to compete against foreign producers. .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f , .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f .postImageUrl , .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f , .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f:hover , .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f:visited , .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f:active { border:0!important; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f:active , .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u520f56713bc288f7731aa5387c0c117f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bingo Long Traveling EssayOverview of WineThe dynamics of the global wine industry are better understood through a brief history of wine as well as an overview of the wine making process. Some countries have longer historical and cultural ties with wine then others and that can affect the quality and perception of the product in the eyes of the consumer. Also, the conditions in which the wine grapes are raised and the processes used to make the wine can create a superior wine and therefore a competitive advantage. Wine has been a part of

The Heart And Its Diseases Essays - RTT, Congenital Heart Disease

The Heart And Its Diseases The Heart and Its Diseases Cardiology has intrigued me since I was a small child. It has been my goal to become a cardiologist ever since the first grade. Cardiology is more than just studying the heart. To define it properly would be to say that cardiology is the study of the heart, its action, and its diseases (Clayman 52). The heart is located in the center of the chest, just behind the sternum, sitting in a hollow cavity between the lungs. The heart is slightly larger than your fist. It is about five inches long, three inches wide, and two inches thick. The heart is commonly represented in the familiar Valentine shape, but it actually resembles a grapefruit. The external features of the heart consist of the pericardium. The function of the pericardium is to support and protect the heart. The inside of the pericardium is lined with a membrane that secrets a lubrication fluid which allows the pericardium to slide smoothly over the surface as the heart pumps. The internal features of the heart are quite a bit more complicated than the external features. The main features internally are the hearts four hollow spaces, which are referred to as the chambers (Clayman 86). The pumping part of the heart consists of two very thin walled upper chambers, which are given the name atria. The two thick-walled lower chambers of the heart are called ventricles. The wall that divides the right side of the heart from the left is called the septum. The muscles in these walls of the chambers provide the pumping action of the heart. These muscles cause the chamber to contract forcefully when the heart beats, which pushes blood through the body. The chambers of the heart can be divided into three layers. The most important of the three is the myocardium, which contains the muscles of the heart. The other two are called the endocardium and the epicardium. The heart has a left and right side, which contains these atriums and ventricles. There are four valves, which aid in the function of keeping blood flowing in the right direction (Katz 75). Two of these are known as the atrio-ventricular valves. These two are named the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve. These valves allow the blood to flow from each atrium into the corresponding ventricle. The mitral valve connects the left atrium to the left ventricle, while the tricuspid connects the right atrium to the right ventricle. The other two valves in the heart allow blood to flow to the body from the ventricles but prevent blood from flowing backward into the ventricles from the body. These valves are known as the semilunar valves. They are named this because they are somewhat shaped like a crescent moon. The aortic semilunar valve allows blood to exit the left ventricle and enter the aorta. The aorta carries blood to the body tissues. The other valve is called the pulmonary similunar valve, which allows blood to exit the right ventricle and enter the pulmonary arte ries. These arteries carry blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen, which is essential to our existence. These valves are designed to move blood in one direction only, unless damaged by injury or disease. The heart can be viewed as a precisely designed two-stage pump. The first stage is the two atria, whose function is to ensure that the ventricles are fully inflated with blood. When this occurs, the ventricles contract to force blood out into the body. Although both sides of the heart contract at the same time, they have very different functions. The right side of the heart receives oxygen free blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body (Katz 95). Each red blood cell passes through the heart twice on its way to tissues. The venae cavae aids in this process by returning the deoxygenated blood to the heart. The venae cavae is also the largest vein in the body. The superior venae cavae returns blood from the upper part of the body, while the inferior venae cavae returns blood

Group Essays Develop 21st Century Skills

Group Essays Develop 21st Century Skills Teachers in any discipline should consider assigning a collaborative writing assignment, such as a group essay or paper. Here are three practical reasons to plan to use a collaborative writing assignment with students in grades 7-12.   Reason #1:  In preparing students to be college and career ready, it is important to provide exposure to a collaborative process.  The skill of collaboration and communication is one of the 21st Century Skills embedded in academic content standards.   Real world writing is often completed in the form of group writing- an undergraduate college group project, a report for a business, or a newsletter for a non-profit institution. Collaborative writing can result in more ideas or solutions for completing a task. Reason # 2: Collaborative writing results in fewer products for a teacher to assess. If there are 30 students in a class, and the teacher organizes collaborative writing groups of three students each, the end product will be 10 papers or projects to grade as opposed to 30 papers or projects to grade.   Reason #3: Research supports collaborative writing.  According to Vygostsky’s theory of ZPD (zone of proximal development),  when students work with others, there is an opportunity for all learners to work at a level slightly above their usual capacity, as co-operating with others who know a little more can boost achievement. The Collaborative Writing Process The most obvious difference between an individual writing assignment and a collaborative or group writing assignment is in the assigning of responsibilities:  who will write what? According to  P21s  Framework for 21st Century Learning, students engaging in collaborative writing are also  practicing  the  21st Century skills of  communicating clearly  if they are given the opportunity to: Articulate thoughts and ideas effectively using oral, written and nonverbal communication skills in a variety of forms and contextsListen effectively to decipher meaning, including knowledge, values, attitudes and intentionsUse communication for a range of purposes (e.g. to inform, instruct, motivate and persuade)Utilize multiple  media and technologies, and know how to judge their effectiveness a priori as well as assess their impactCommunicate effectively in diverse environments (including multi-lingual) The following outline will help teachers and then students address the logistics of running a collaborative assignment in which all members of the group have defined  responsibilities.  This outline can be adapted to be used in groups of various sizes (two to five writers) or to any content area. The Writing Process Any collaborative writing process must be taught to students and practiced several times a year with the goal for students to manage the group writing process themselves.   As in any writing assignment, individual or group, a teacher must clearly articulate the  purpose of the assignment  (to inform, to explain, to persuade...)  The purpose of writing will also mean identifying the target audience. Providing students a rubric for collaborative writing in advance will better help them understand the expectations for the task. Once purpose and audience have been established, then designing and implementing a collaborative writing paper or essay is not very different than following the five steps of the  writing process: PrewritingDraftingRevisionEditingPublishing Pre-writing process Students in the group review the  assignment and the requirements for the final product or paper;Students in the group  brainstorm and share ideas;Students in the group  formulate a draft or working thesis:This is a first attempt at developing a position or assertion;Because the  early stages of the writing process are where the groups writers are guided by questions they have (inquiry based learning), the working thesis is not the final thesis statement. Planning and Logistics Students in the group  decide together who will write which parts of the paper.  This will require that students collaborate, rather than merely cooperate. Here is the difference:When collaborating, students work together on a single shared goal;When cooperating, students perform together while working on selfish yet common goals.Students in the group  document the collaboration plan based on  the assignment requirements  (Ex: book review, pro/con persuasive paper) and agree upon the plan;Students in the group  determine a timeline that outlines deadlines for both individual and group responsibilities;Students in the group  determine when work can be done synchronously (in class/in person) or asynchronously (online). With the use of online writing platforms such as Google Docs, these group  determinations will help the group share updates and information more effectively. Management of Research Students in the group  draft how the assignment will be managed  (Ex: sections, chapters, paragraphs, appendices);Students in the group  determine how and where they will find trustworthy and timely source materials (books, articles, newspaper articles, videos, podcasts, websites, interviews or self-created surveys for research on topic);Students in the group  determine who will read and process the information;Pro/con evidence should be balanced;Evidence must be cited;Citations must be cataloged;Students in the group  analyze the evidence as to how well it supports position;Students in the group  determine the best way to include additional evidence (EX: pictures, graphs, tables, and charts.) Drafting and Writing Individual students keep in mind how the material and individual writing will fit into the paper or product.Students writing together synchronously  (in class/in person) or  asynchronously  (online):Writing as a group is  time-consuming; these opportunities should be left to making sure the document is organized to give the reader the impression of one cohesive voice.Student in the group should make sure that the paper or products content is clear and the writing communicates a single (or in the case of pro/con, a whole) message to the target audience before discussing stylistic changes. Revising, Editing, and Proofreading Students in the group review drafted parts of the document before merging into a single document;Students in the group  look for a logical flow of ideas. (Note:  Teaching students to use  transitions is critical to smoothing over individual drafts);Students in the group  revise content and structure of the paper;Students in the group  proofread paper and check for typos, spelling errors, punctuation problems, formatting issues, and grammatical mistakes. (Note: Reading the paper aloud  is an excellent strategy for editing). Additional Research on Collaborative Writing Regardless as to the size of the group or the content area classroom, students will manage their writing by following an organizational pattern. This finding is based on the  results of a  study  (1990) conducted by Lisa Ede and Andrea Lunsford that resulted in a book  Singular Texts /Plural Authors: Perspectives on Collaborative Writing,  According to their work, there are  seven noted organizational patterns for collaborative writing.  These seven patterns are: the team plans and outlines the task, then each writer prepares his/her part and the group compiles the individual parts, and revises the whole document as needed;the team plans and outlines the writing task, then one member prepares a draft, the team edits and revises the draft;one member of the team plans and writes a draft, the group revises the draft;one person plans and writes the draft, then one or more members revises the draft without consulting the original authors;the group plans and writes the draft, one or more members revise the draft without consulting the original authors;one person assigns the tasks, each member completes the individual task, one person compiles and revises the document;one dictates, another transcribes and edits. Tackling the Downsides to Collaborative Writing In order to  maximize the effectiveness of a collaborative writing assignment, all students in each group must be active participants. Therefore: Instructors need to monitor the progress of each group, provide feedback and assist when necessary.   Initially, this form of monitoring may be more time-consuming than traditional teaching formats, but a teacher can meet with groups more effectively over time than individual students. While the front-loading the collaborative writing assignment takes time, the number of final products is substantially reduced so the grading time is also reduced.A collaborative writing project must be designed in a way so that the final assessment is considered valid, fair and accurate. The final assessment must consider the knowledge and performance of all group members.   Grading complexities can make group assignments difficult for instructors. (See group grading article)Students may sometimes struggle with making decisions in a group setting.There can be  additional stress on students  because of multiple opinions and writing styles. These must be incorporated into one final product that pleases everyone.   Conclusion Preparing students for real-world collaborative experiences is an important goal, and the collaborative writing process can better help teachers meet that goal. The research supports a collaborative approach. Even though the collaborative writing approach may require more time in the set-up and monitoring, the fewer number of papers for teachers to grade is an extra bonus.